Numerical Analysis of Wave Load Characteristics on Jack-Up Production Platform Structure Using Modified k-ω SST Turbulence Model
Abstract
One of the important stages in the offshore structure design process is the evaluation of the marine hydrodynamic load in which the structure operates, this is to ensure an appropriate design and improve the safety of the structure. Therefore, accurate modeling of the marine environment is needed to produce good evaluation data, one of the methods that can accurately model the marine environment is through the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. This research aims to analyze the ocean wave load of pressure and force characteristics on the jack-up production platform hull structure using the (CFD) method. The foam-extend 4.0 (the fork of the OpenFOAM) software with waveFoam solver is utilized to predict the free surface flow phenomena as its capability to predict with accurate results. The Reynold Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence model of k-ω SST is applied to predict the turbulence effect in the flow field. Five variations of incident wave direction type are carried out to examine its effect on the pressure and force characteristics on the jack-up production platform hull. The wave model shows inaccurate results with the decrease in wave height caused by excessive turbulence in the water surface area. Excessive turbulence levels can be overcome by incorporating density variable and buoyancy terms based on the Standard Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis (SGDH) into the turbulent kinetic energy equation. The k-ω SST Buoyancy turbulence model shows accurate results when verified to predict wave run-up and horizontal force loads on monopile structures. Furthermore, test results of the wave load on the jack-up production platform hull structure shows that the most significant wave load is obtained in variations with the wave arrival direction relatively opposite to the platform wall. Especially in the direction of 90° because it also has the most expansive impact surface area. Meanwhile, the lower wave load is obtained in variations 45° and 135°, which have the relatively oblique direction of wave arrival to the surface.
Downloads
References
H. Jessen, Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation. Handbook on Marine Environment Protection, Springer International Publishing (Berlin), pp 683–93, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_35
Z. M. Ghazi, I. S. Abbood, F. Hejazi, Dynamic evaluation of jack-up platform structure under wave, wind, earthquake and tsunami loads, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, vol. 7, pp. 41–57, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joes.2021.04.005
R. E. Randall, Elements of ocean engineering, Society of Naval Architects (Texas), 2010.
H. Ye, D. Yu, J. Ye, Z. Yang, Numerical Analysis of Dynamics of Jack-Up Offshore Platform and Its Seabed Foundation under Ocean Wave, Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 12, pp. 7, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073299
R. L. Tawekal, M. Mahendra, D. B. Kurniawan, E. C. Ilman, F. Perdana, Purnawarman FD, Risk Based Underwater Inspection (RBUI) For Existing Fixed Platforms In Indonesia, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), vol. 5, pp. 25-31, 2017.
K. He, J. Ye, Dynamics of offshore wind turbine-seabed foundation under hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads: A coupled numerical way, Renew Energy, vol. 202, pp. 453–69, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.029
E. Mackay, W. Shi, D. Qiao, R. Gabl, T. Davey, D. Ning, Numerical and experimental modelling of wave interaction with fixed and floating porous cylinders, Ocean Engineering, vol. 242, pp. 110-118, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110118
S. Yan, Q. Li, J. Wang, Q. Ma, Z. Xie, T. Stoesser, Comparative Numerical Study on Focusing Wave Interaction with FPSO-like Structure, International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 149–57, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2019.jc754
N. R. Arini, S. R. Turnock, M. Tan, The Effect of Trailing Edge Profile Modifications to Fluid-Structure Interaction of a Vertical Axis Tidal Turbine Blade, International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 11, pp. 725–35, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.44669
M. Nizamani, Z. Nizamani, A. Nakayama, M. Osman, Analysis of loads caused by waves on the deck near the free surface of the offshore platform using computational fluid dynamics, Ships and Offshore Structures, vol. 17, pp. 1964–1974, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2021.1954329
A. Aggarwal, M. A. Chella, H. Bihs, Ø. A. Arntsen, Numerical study of irregular breaking wave forces on a monopile for offshore wind turbines, Energy Procedia, vol. 137, pp. 246–254, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.347
X. Zeng, W. Shi, C. Michailides, S. Zhang, X. Li, Numerical and experimental investigation of breaking wave forces on a monopile-type offshore wind turbine, Renew Energy, vol. 175, pp. 501–519, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.009
B. Devolder. Hydrodynamic modelling of wave energy converter arrays. Phd Thesis, Ghent University, 2018.
E. Didier, P. R. F. Teixeira, Validation and Comparisons of Methodologies Implemented in a RANS-VoF Numerical Model for Applications to Coastal Structures, J Mar Sci Eng, vol. 10, pp. 9, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091298
B. Devolder, P. Rauwoens, P. Troch, Application of a buoyancy-modified k-ω SST turbulence model to simulate wave run-up around a monopile subjected to regular waves using OpenFOAM ®, Coastal Engineering, vol. 125, pp. 81–94, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.04.004
B. E. Larsen, D. R. Fuhrman, On the over-production of turbulence beneath surface waves in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models, J Fluid Mech, vol. 853, pp. 419–460, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.577
S. Qu, S. Liu, M. C. Ong, An evaluation of different RANS turbulence models for simulating breaking waves past a vertical cylinder, Ocean Engineering, vol. 234, pp. 109195, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109195
C. Greenshields, OpenFOAM The OpenFOAM Foundation User Guide, CFD Direct Ltd, 2011.
N. G. Jacobsen, D. R. Fuhrman, J. Fredsøe, A wave generation toolbox for the open-source CFD library: OpenFoam®, Int J Numer Methods Fluids, vol. 70, pp. 1073–1088, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2726
N. U. Azman, M. K. A. Husain, N. I. M. Zaki, E. M. Soom, N. A. Mukhlas, S. Z. A. S. Ahmad, Structural integrity of fixed offshore platforms by incorporating wave-in-deck, J Mar Sci Eng, vol. 9, pp. 9, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091027
HSE, HSE Health & Safety Executive Sensitivity of jack-up reliability to wave-in-deck calculation, MSL Engineering Limited, Report number: 019, 2003.
M. Métois, M. Benjelloun, C. Lasserre, R. Grandin, L. Barrier, E. Dushi, Subsidence associated with oil extraction, measured from time-series analysis of Sentinel-1 data : case study of the Patos-Marinza oil field, Albania n.d, Solid Earth, vol. 11, pp. 363–378, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-363-2020
L. De Vos, P. Frigaard, J. De Rouck, Wave run-up on cylindrical and cone shaped foundations for offshore wind turbines, Coastal Engineering, vol. 54, pp. 17–29, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.08.004
ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide, 2017.
W. Fan, H. Anglart, varRhoTurbVOF: A new set of volume of fluid solvers for turbulent isothermal multiphase flows in OpenFOAM, Comput Phys Commun, vol. 247, pp. 106876, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2019.106876
F. R. Menter, Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, vol. 32, pp. 1598–1605, 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12149
American Petroleum Institute (API), API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD, ed. 21st. 2007.
B. Wang, Y. Li, F. Wu, S. Gao, J. Yan, Numerical Investigation of Wave Run-Up and Load on Fixed Truncated Cylinder Subjected to Regular Waves Using OpenFOAM, Water (Basel), vol. 14, pp. 2830, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182830
T. E. Schellin, M. Perić, O. el Moctar, Wave-in-deck load analysis for a jack-up platform, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, vol. 133, pp. 2, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002047
Copyright (c) 2023 EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya(PENS) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to PENS. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. The copyright transfer form can be downloaded here .
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
- Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
- Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the author’s personal use or company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice of Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS) publisher are indicated.
- Authors are allowed to use and reuse their articles under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as third parties.
- Third-parties are allowed to share and adapt the publication work for all non-commercial purposes and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute under the same license as the original.
Plagiarism Check
To avoid plagiarism activities, the manuscript will be checked twice by the Editorial Board of the EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology (EMITTER Journal) using iThenticate Plagiarism Checker and the CrossCheck plagiarism screening service. The similarity score of a manuscript has should be less than 25%. The manuscript that plagiarizes another author’s work or author's own will be rejected by EMITTER Journal.
Authors are expected to comply with EMITTER Journal's plagiarism rules by downloading and signing the plagiarism declaration form here and resubmitting the form, along with the copyright transfer form via online submission.